Volcanism is a phenomenon of the eruption of molten rock or magma onto the surface of the earth. When the molten rock and volcanic gases come out through a volcanic outlet onto the surface.
In the majority of active volcanoes, volcanism occurs when the two tectonic plates meet in which one plate overrides the other plate forcing down the mantle.
What is the process of Volcanism?
The Process of volcanism is quite simple. The hot magma from the volcano rises toward the surface, then the reaction of the magma depends on the thickness of the molten rock, and then the time span of cooling down is determined. These are also characterized by explosive eruptions pouring out large amounts of lava onto the surface.
There have been some instances when the magma solidified without coming in contact with the surface. When the magma cools down, it forms ingenious mass crystals. In simple words, volcanism can be defined as the activity that includes the formation of magma than the upward movement of magma, coming onto the surface, and finally cooling and solidification.
What are the types of Volcanism?
Two types of volcanism depend upon the movement of magma. They are intrusive and extrusive volcanism.
Intrusive volcanism is when the magma is forced into the rocks that make up the Earth’s crust, and when it cools down and becomes solid while still underground.
Plutons are formed in this process, and the rock formed is an intrusive igneous rock. Extrusive volcanism is when the molten forces its way through the crack of underground rocks under great pressure and reaches the Earth’s surface. The volcanic movements form an igneous extrusion.
Volcanism is a process of magma coming out of a volcano and solidifying to form rocks. Volcanoes have created over 80% of the earth’s surface, and they are present on every continent. Volcanism can have destructive and constructive effects, and it depends on the volcano and the kind of magma that comes out of the volcano that contains different soil nutrients.
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