Understanding the Fundamental Principles of Ecology | UPSC Environment
Ecology is the study of the relationships between living organisms and their physical environment. It helps us to understand the connections of the basic needs of every living thing on this planet. Today we will discuss more in-depth the principles of ecology.
The term ecology was introduced in 1866 by Ernst Haeckel. This study mostly involves the biotic and abiotic factors in the environment. There are various types of ecology like Microbial Ecology, Organism or Behavioral Ecology, Population Ecology, Community Ecology, Ecosystem Ecology, and Global Ecology.
The Principles of Ecology include
1. Evolution organizes the ecological systems into hierarchies which means that individual organisms are combined into populations, and they are further combined into species. Each of the organisms is characterized by its abundance and diversity in a given ecosystem.
2. The Sun is the source of energy for most ecosystems because life runs on the products which are produced by the Photosynthesis process. This process is completely dependent upon solar energy.
3. According to some scientists, Organisms are nothing but chemical machines that run on energy. The supply of chemical elements which are needed to fuel the necessity of the organism is a basic framework of ecology.
4. Organisms interact to do things to each other which will influence their abundance. In general, this means, Individual organisms can eat one another and compete with one another for shared resources which will help them to survive. Each species have different characterizations and they are divided based on their strength and type of the interactions they do.
5. Humans are the most evolved species in this planet earth’s ecosystem. We can change the planet and increase our ability to shape the biosphere’s future.
6. The Ecosystem provides basic needs and services to all human beings like timber, food, water, and air quality and cultural benefits include recreation.
Motto Of Ecology
The main motto of ecology is to use the principles to preserve the ecosystem services and provide daily needs to all the living organisms which will help them to survive.
Also Read
- Understanding the Ecological Hierarchy and Scope of Ecology | UPSC Environment
- Earth’s Geological Time Scale : A Timeline of Earth’s History | UPSC Geography
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