Types Of Natural Vegetation And Their Significance | UPSC Environment

India is blessed with a diverse range of natural vegetation due to its varied topography, climate, and soil. The country is a home to various types of forests, grasslands, and shrublands. These natural vegetation types provide habitat for the flora and fauna that help a great deal to the ecological and economical balance of the country.

1.Tropical Rainforests

Tropical rainforests are mostly found in the western ghats, north-eastern states, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. These forests are known for their high biodiversity cover. Teak, bamboo, sandalwood, and rosewood are some of the most dominant tree species here.

2. Deciduous forests

Deciduous forests are common type of forests in India and they are found throughout the country. Right from the Himalayas to the Deccan plateau. Here Sal, teak, and bamboo are the dominant trees. These forests have less density when compared to the tropical rainforests.

3. Alpine forests

Alpine forests are mostly found at high altitudes like Himalayas and the Western Ghats. These forests have a unique ecosystem and they are characterized by shrubs, alpine grasses, and short trees.

4. Mangroves

Mangroves are found in coastal areas, where the saltwater meets freshwater. These forests are adapted to saline conditions and are home to a wide range of marine and bird species. Sundarbans delta in West Bengal is the largest mangrove forest in the world.

5. Grasslands

Grasslands are found in the Deccan Plateau, central India, and the Indo-gangetic plains. The grasslands are characterized by tall grasses, wildflowers, shrubs. These regions are home to herbivores animals like deer, antelopes, and buffaloes

India’s natural vegetation is a treasure trove of biodiversity that needs to be protected. It is essential to ensure the conservation of these natural resources provides livelihood to the local communities.

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