Types Of Amendments to Indian Constitution | UPSC Polity

There are different types of amendments to the Indian constitution. They are Absolutely majority, Effective majority, Simple majority, and Special majority. All these amendments play a crucial role in refining the laws and policies rather than replacing them. 

Absolute Majority 

Absolute majority refers to more than 50% of the total membership of the house. The total membership of Lok Sabha is 545, and the absolute majority in Lok Sabha is 50% o 545 plus 1 which is 273. 

Effective majority 

Effective majority of the house means more than 50% of the effective strength of the house. For example, if the total strength of the Rajya Sabha is 245 members and there are 45 vacant seats, then the effective strength of the house is 50% of 200 plus 1. The effective majority will be 101. 

Simple Majority 

Simple majority is also called a functional majority and it is frequently used in Parliamentary business, and it refers to the majority of more than 50% of the members present and voting. For example, the total strength of Lok Sabha is 545, 45 were absent and the other 100 are declining to vote on an issue. Then only 400 members will be present and voting. Then the simple majority that is 50% of 400 plus 1 which is 201 is taken into consideration

Special majority of the parliament. 

One of the effective and simple majority is called a special majority. In this aspect, there are four different types of clauses are 

Article 249 of special majority. Article 249 of the special majority has a majority that 2/3^rd of the total house members should be present and give a vote. 

Article 368 of the special majority 

Article 368 of the special majority, a 2/3^rd of the members of the family should be present and give a vote, and also more than 50% if the house should support the decision to pass the bill in the Rajya Sabha. 

Article 368 plus the ratification of the state It is a special majority in which the ratification of the state requires that 2/3^rd of the members of the family should be voting and should be supported by a higher 50% of the legislatures of the state in a simple majority. 

Article 61 of the special majority 

Article 61 of the special majority requires 2/3^rd members of the whole strength of a house should be present that are 364 members in Lok Sabha and 164 in Rajya Sabha. 

Special Majority Of Parliament and State Consent 

The Special majorities are the majority that is not absolute and simple and they are divided into Article 249, Article 368, and Article 61 of the special majority all types are the law according to the Rajya Sabha’s resolution in the list of the states. The directive principles of the policy of the state are in part 4 of the constitution. 

The amendments of the Indian constitution also suggest a complete blend of all the provisions and the articles making it the state’s law. It is also the framework of the constitution fundamental for institutions, and legal and political nations. The amendments also have the power to remove and add agreements of the government.

Also Read

• UPSC CSE Syllabus 2023 | Union Public Service Commission
• What Are The Threat of Nuclear Terrorism | UPSC International Relations

Follow Us For More Content On:

https://www.instagram.com/topperment/

https://www.facebook.com/TopperMent

https://www.youtube.com/@topperment