CSIR: A Leading Research and Development Organization in India | UPSC Science And Technology

The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) is an autonomous body that was established in 1942. It is the largest research and development organization in India, with a strong network of 38 national laboratories, 39 outreach centers, 3 innovation complexes, and 5 units. It is supported by 8000 scientists across the country. CSIR operates as an autonomous body through the Societies Registration Act, of 1860. Its headquarters is in New Delhi and it is funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology. The advisory board of CSIR consists of 15 prominent members from various fields of science and technology.

Objectives and Missions of CSIR

The main objectives and missions of CSIR are:

• To cover a wide spectrum of scientific and technological domains, such as radio and space physics, oceanography, geophysics, chemicals, drugs, genomics, biotechnology, nanotechnology, mining, aeronautics, instrumentation, environmental engineering, and information technology.
• To provide important technological interventions in many areas with regard to societal efforts.
• To play an important role in science and technology human resource development.
• To operate various mechanisms to boost entrepreneurship that would lead to enhanced creation and commercialization of innovative products and services.
• To change the scenario of science and technology by working towards science and engineering leadership, innovative technology solutions, nurturing talent in transdisciplinary areas, and science-based entrepreneurship.
• To publish scientific papers and a journal of industrial research and development.
• To collect information in regard not only to research but also to industrial matters.
• To establish new laboratories, workshops, institutes, and organizations for further scientific and industrial research growth.
• To award research studentships and fellowships.

Achievements of CSIR

CSIR has carried out development activities in various sectors like aerospace engineering, structural engineering, ocean sciences, life sciences, metallurgy, food, mining, and environmental science. Some of the notable achievements of CSIR are:

• The development of a synthetic drug called methaqualone in the 1950s.
• The design of the first Indian tractor called Swaraj in 1967.
• The analysis of the genetic diversity of the tribes of the Andaman and Nicobar islands in the 1990s.
• The design of India’s first parallel processing computer called Flosolver in the 1980s.
• The establishment of the Traditional Knowledge Digital Library that can be accessed in five languages: English, German, French, Japanese, and Spanish.
• The completion of the sequencing of the human genome in 2009.
• The initiation of clinical trials to evaluate Sepsivac’s efficacy to reduce the mortality rate in Covid-19 patients in 2020.

CSIR is a leading research and development organization in India that has contributed significantly to the advancement of science and technology in the country. It has also played a vital role in addressing various societal challenges and creating opportunities for innovation and entrepreneurship.

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