History and Heritage Of The Pandyas | UPSC History

The Pandyas were one of the ancient Tamil dynasties that ruled the southern part of India from about 300 BC to 1300 AD. They were known for their contributions to art, architecture, literature, and trade.

History and Origin:

The Pandyas were believed to have originated from the region around Madurai in Tamil Nadu. They were mentioned in ancient Tamil literature such as the Sangam literature.

Political History:

The Pandyas were among the earliest South Indian dynasties to issue coins. They had close relations with the Cholas and the Cheras, who were also major Tamil dynasties.

Some of the key events in their political history include:

• The Pandyas were known for their naval power, and they had trade relations with the Roman Empire and other countries in Southeast Asia.
• They went to war with the Cholas and the Cheras, but they were also allied with them at various times.
• The Pandyas were overthrown by the Delhi Sultanate in the 14th century, marking the end of their dynasty.

Contributions to Art and Architecture:

The Pandyas were known for their contributions to art and architecture, some of which include:

• The Meenakshi Temple in Madurai, which is considered one of the greatest examples of Dravidian architecture.
• The Thirumalai Nayakkar Mahal, a palace built by Thirumalai Nayak, one of the later Pandya kings.
• The development of the Tamil language and literature, which flourished during the Pandya period.

Trade and Commerce:

• The Pandyas were known for their trade and commerce, and they had a significant impact on the economy of southern India. Some of their notable contributions to trade include:
• Their trade relations with the Roman Empire, which brought valuable goods such as gold and silver to India.
• The establishment of a bustling port at Korkai, which served as an important center for trade with Southeast Asia.

The Pandyas were an important dynasty in the history of southern India. Their contributions to art, architecture, literature, and trade continue to influence the region to this day. Their legacy is a testament to the rich history and culture of Tamil Nadu.

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